Attitudes to the British Empire are greatly divided. If you were part of that Empire you do not have a lot to be thankful for. The problem for modern Britain is that some of the most powerful countries on the planet have been damaged by and hold no great lingering affection for its lost empire.…

War precipitates change – and major war precipitates major change. It is rare that war shifts historical developments onto a different track; rather, it tends to accelerate trends that are already underway. War brings out the weaknesses in economic and geopolitical relationships – collapsing structures that were already shaky. War also accentuates strengths, giving emerging…

Angela Merkel exited the German political stage just in time. She departed the German Chancellery on December 8, 2021. Just over 70 days later, on February 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. The resulting crisis has profoundly undermined the foundations of Germany’s post-war foreign policy and is forcing it to be fundamentally changed. When hostilities ceased…